Clean teeth reduce pneumonia risk

Brushing our teeth properly and regularly is known to prevent gum disease, but a new study led by an Indian origin scientist says it can also potentially reduce the risk of pneumonia.

Scientists from the Yale University School of Medicine found changes in mouth bacteria preceded the development of the inflammatory lung condition in hospital patients.

The team followed 37 subjects over a month. They found patients on ventilators who developed pneumonia had experienced a significant shift in the 'bacterial composition' in their mouths beforehand.

"Our findings may improve the way we prevent pneumonia in the future by maintaining the bacteria which live within our mouths," the Daily Mail quoted lead author Dr Samit Joshi as telling ELS Global Medical News.

Although further research is required, the British Dental Foundation said the latest study is not the first to associate poor oral health with respiratory diseases.

Bacterial chest infections are thought to be caused by breathing in fine droplets from the throat and mouth into the lungs and earlier studies suggested people were more likely to die from pneumonia if they had higher numbers of deep gum pockets.

Nigel Carter, chief executive of the British Dental Health Foundation, said the latest research backed their findings that looking after your teeth boost your overall health.

"During the winter months we're all susceptible to colds, coughs and chesty viruses due to the drop in temperature," said Dr Carter.

"What people must remember, particularly those highlighted as vulnerable, is that prevention can be very basic. Systemic links between gum disease and overall health have been well documented, and at this time of year keeping up good oral health can really help stave off illness," he stated.

He added that dentists recommended brushing teeth for two minutes twice a day using a fluoride toothpaste, cleaning in between teeth daily with interdental brushes or floss and avoiding sugary foods.

Dr Johsi''s research was presented at the Infectious Diseases Society of America annual meeting in Boston.

American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry.............

According to the latest statistics from the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD), 99.7% of all Americans believe a smile is an important social asset and 74% believe an unattractive smile could potentially harm a person's chances for career success. Beverly Hills cosmetic dentist Dr. Kevin Sands says he sees an increase in patients seeking a healthier, more radiant smile with the dawn of a new year. Dr. Sands discusses the use of smile makeover procedures such as porcelain veneers and Invisalign® to boost confidence and revitalize dental appearance.

Beverly Hills, CA (PRWEB) December 28, 2011

The latest report from the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD) shows that Americans place significant value on a person's smile, with 99.7% of the population believing it to be an important social asset. The study also reveals that nearly three-quarters (74%) of Americans feel an unattractive smile could hurt their career success. At his Beverly Hills cosmetic dentistry practice, Dr. Kevin Sands says many patients are often more aware of their appearance during the holidays and new year because of the number of social gatherings and the chance to start fresh for the beginning of a new year. He adds that cosmetic procedures at his practice increase in demand on the cusp of the new year as patients seek to enhance their features and improve their smile through teeth whitening or other aesthetic enhancements.
Dr. Sands says popular procedures during this time of year include Invisalign®, porcelain veneers, and teeth whitening, which is expected to be the most popular office procedure in 2011 by a majority of AACD member statistics, according to the latest poll. Through cosmetic dental procedures, Dr. Sands says patients can take action to improve their appearance and correct imperfections that may be draining one's self-confidence and impairing his or her outlook on life. "Whether patients undergo a teeth whitening procedure, or decide on porcelain veneers, the improved smile can greatly improve their confidence."
Because it combines proven aesthetic procedures, Dr. Sands says a smile makeover can give patients a comprehensive and complete redesign of their smile, particularly for those who suffer from misalignment, discoloring, chips, cracks, or gaps in their teeth. He adds that in the wake of the coming new year, patients at his practice are taking advantage of the benefits of a smile makeover to offer them a chance to start the year with a new outlook on life.
Regardless of when patients choose to undergo a procedure, Dr. Sands says selecting a practice with a personalized dedication to each patient is crucial for receiving the best results. He also stresses the importance of choosing a qualified and experienced dentist in order to achieve the highest quality cosmetic enhancement.
About Kevin B. Sands, DDS
Dr. Kevin Sands received his dental degree from the University of Southern California School of Dentistry and trained at the Las Vegas Institute for Advanced Dental Studies for Advanced Anterior Aesthetic Dentistry. He is a member of the California State Dental Association, the Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, and the American Dental Association. Dr. Sands has been featured on several television makeover programs such as E!'s Dr. 90210, TLC's 10 Year's Younger, and Style Network's 2nd Look. He is a popular dentist in the celebrity community, having performed cosmetic procedures on patients including Charlie Sheen, Amy Smart, Taylor Swift, and Britney Spears.
Located at 414 North Camden Drive, Suite 940 in Beverly Hills, CA, Dr. Sands' practice can be reached at (310) 707-1288 or online via the website beverlyhillscosmeticdentist.com or www.facebook.com/cosmeticdentistbeverlyhills.

For the original version on PRWeb visit: www.prweb.com/releases/prwebsmile-makeover/beverly-hills-ca/prweb9066113.htm

Smile designing principles .

Smile designing principles .

	Horizontal Symmetry: Draw an imaginary horizontal line through the centre of both your pupils and another horizontal line between the tips of your canine teeth. Ideally, these two horizontal lines should be parallel. Often, one side slopes down.
	Vertical Symmetry: Draw an imaginary vertical line through the centre of your face. This mid-line should run through the centre of your eyes, nose and chin. Ideally, the mid-line should also run through your two central incisors thus making the central incisors a mirror image of each other.
	Smile Width: Ideally, a wide smile will show your first molar to first molar tooth. Although if you have a narrow smile you may only see the front six teeth from canine to canine.
	Smile Line: Draw an imaginary curve along the bottom of your upper teeth and compare it to an imaginary curve of your lower lip. Ideally, your smile should be curved in order to look younger.
	Gum Line: Draw an imaginary curve along the top of your upper teeth. Ideally, only the pink triangular parts of g um between the teeth show. However, some people show a lot more gum or the gum that shows is uneven giving an irregular gum line.
	The Golden Proportion: This special proportion was discovered by the Greeks and is found in many areas of nature. Ideally, the widths of each of the front teeth compared to the next follows this special proportion.
	Tooth Proportion: Ideally the width of a tooth should be approximately 80% of the length. However for patients those wear/grind their teeth, this ration is closer to 1:1 as the teeth have shortened and become squarer. This is a way to measure exactly how much tooth has been lost over the years and is often used to rebuild edges of teeth to their ideal proportions and perfect smile.
	Embrasure Space: These are the little triangular like spaces between the tips of the front teeth. Without embrasure spaces, the teeth would look like flat piano keys with no character to them. Ideally, the embrasure spaces should be smallest between the two central incisors and gradually become larger as you examine teeth further into the mouth. An ideal feminine smile tends to have more definite round embrasures.

Dental Crowns Q&A Is The Focus Of New Shelby Township, Michigan Dentists Website

Dental Crowns Q&A Is The Focus Of New Shelby Township, Michigan Dentists Website

Nanotechnology in dentistry

Science is undergoing yet another change, in helping mankind enter a new era, the era of nanotechnology. "Nano" is derived from the Greek word for 'dwarf. Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating matter measured in the billionths of meters or manometer, roughly the size of 2 or 3 atoms

In the literature, both a fairly broad as well as a rather narrow concept of nanotechnology are employed .
  The first signifies any technology smaller than microtechnology. In contrast, the latter stands for the technology to program and manipulate matter with molecular precision and to scale it to 3-D products of arbitrary size.

The basic idea of nanotechnology, used in the narrow sense of the world, is to employ individual atoms and molecules to construct functional structures.

Earlythinking

The late Nobel prize winning physicist Richard P. Feynman in 1959 speculated the potential of nanosize devices as early as 1959. In his historic lecture in 1959, he concluded saying, "this is a development which I think cannot be avoided."

3 steps to achieving nanotechnology-produced goods

1. Scientists must be able to manipulate individual atoms.
2. Next step is to develop nanoscopic machines, called assemblers, that can be programmed to manipulate atoms and molecules at will.
3. Inorder to create enough assemblers to build consumer goods, some nanomachines called replicators, will be programmed to build more assemblers.

Assemblers and replicators will work together like hands, to automatically construct products.

State of the fie Id at present

Current research is not exclusively focused on achieving assemblers. Instead, research is directed towards the production of a wide array of different minuscule structures. The fabrication techniques of these structures can be divided into 2 approaches: "top- down" and "bottom­-up".

The 'top-down' techniques that are used to manufacture nanoscale structures are mostly extensions of methods already employed in small-scale assembly at the micron scale. By further miniaturization, the nanodimension is entered . 'Bottom-up' fabrication methods for manufacture are the methods used for producing nanoscale structures

The various nanostructures are

1. Nanopores
2. Nanotubes
3. Quantumdots
4. Nanoshells
5. Dendrimers

Nanodentistry

Nanodentistry will make possible the maintenance of near-perfect oral health through the use of nanornaterials, biotechnology including tissue engineering and nanorobotics. Oral health and disease trends may change the focus on specific diagnostic and treatment modalities.

Nanodentistry as bottom-up approach

1. Local anaesthesia

In the era of nanodentistry a colliodal suspension containing millions of active analgesic micron-size dental robots will be instilled on the patient's gingiva. After contacting the surface of crown or mucosa, the ambulating nanorobots reach the pulp via the gingival sulcus, lamina propria and dentinal tubules.

Once installed in the pulp, the analgesic dental robots may be commanded by the dentist to shut down all sensitivity in any particular tooth that requires treatment. After oral procedures are completed, the dentist orders the nanorobots to restore all sensation, to relinquish control of nerve traffic and to egress from the tooth by similar pathways used for ingress.

2. Hypersensitivity cure

Dentin hypersensitivity may be caused by changes in pressure transmitted hydrodynamically to the pulp. This is based on the fact that hypersensitive teeth have 8 times higher surface density of dentinal tubules and tubules with diameters twice as large than nonsensitive teeth. Dental nanorobots could selectively and precisely occlude selected tubules in minutes, using native biological materials, offering patients a quick and permanent cure.

3. Nanorobotic dentifrice [dentifrobots]

Subocclusal dwelling nanorobotic dentifrice delivered by mouthwash or toothpaste could patrol all supragingival and subgingival surfaces atleast once a day, metabolising trapped organic matter into harmless and odorless vapors and performing continuous calculus debridement.

These invisibly small dentifrobots [1-10 micon], crawling at 1-10 microns/sec, would be inexpensive, purely mechanical devices, that would safely desactivate themselves if swallowed and would be programmed with strict occlusal avoidance protocol.

4. Dental durability and cosmetics

Tooth durability and appearance may be improved by replacing upper enamel layers with pure sapphire and diamond which can be made more fracture resistant as nanostructured composites, possibly including embedded carbon nanotubes.

5. Orthodontic treatment

Orthodontic nanorobots could directly manipulate the periodontal tissues, allowing rapid and painless tooth straightening, rotating and vertical repositioning within minutes to hours.

6. Photosensitizers and carriers

Quantum dots can be used as photosensitizers and carriers. They can bind to the antibody present on the surface of the target cell and when stimulated by UV light, they can give rise to reactive oxygen species and thus will be lethal to the target cell.

7. Diagnosis of oral cancer

NANO ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS(NEMS)

Convert (bio) chemical to electrical signal

CANTILEVER ARRAY SENSORS

Ultrasensitive mass detection technology:

Picogram (10-12)-bacterium

Femtogram (10-15)-virus

Attogram (10-18)-DNA

MULTIPLEXING MODALITY

Sensing large numbers of different biomolecules simultaneously in real time

APPLICATIONS

• Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and cancer
• Detection ofbacteria, fimgi and viruses

8. Treatment of oral cancer

NANOMATERIALS FOR BRACHYTHERAPY

BrachySilTM (Sivida, Australia) delivers 32P, clinical trial

DRUG DELIVERY ACROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER / More effective treatment of brain tumours, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's in development

NANOVECTORSFORGENE THERAPY

Non-viral gene delivery systems

Nanodentistry as top-down approach

1. Nanocomposites

Nanoproducts Corporation has successfully manufactured nonagglomerated discrete nanoparticles that are homogeneously distributed in resins or coatings to produce nanocomposites. The nanofiller used includes an aluminosilicate powder having a mean particle size of 80 ran and a 1:4 M ratio of alumina to silica and a refractive index of 1.508.

Advantages

• Superior hardness
• Superior flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and translucency
• 50% reduction in filling shrinkage
• Excellent handling properties

Trade name: Filtek O Supreme Universal Restorative P Lire Nano O

2. Nanosolution

Nanosolutions produce unique and dispersible nanoparticles, which can be used in bonding agents. This ensures homogeneity and ensures that the adhesive is perfectly mixed everytime.

Trade name: Adper O Single Bond Plus Adhesive Single Bond

3. Impression materials

Nanofillers are integrated in vinylpolysiloxanes, producing a unique addition of siloxane impression materials. The material has better flow, improved hydrophilic properties and enhanced detail precision.

Trade name: Nanotech Elite H-D

4. Nanoencapsulation

SWRI [South West Research Institute] has developed targeted release systems that encompass nanocapsules including novel vaccines, antibiotics and drug delivery with reduced side effects.

At present, targeted delivery of genes and drugs to human liver has been developed by Osaka University in Japan 2003. Engineered Hepatitis B virus envelope L particles were allowed to form hollow nanoparticles displaying a peptide that is indispensable for liver-specific entry by the virus in humans. Future specialized nanoparticles could be engineered to target oral tissues, including cells derived from the periodontium [Yamada et al , 2003]

5. Other products manufactured by SWRI

a. Protective clothing and filtration masks, using antipathogenic nanoemulsions and nanoparticles

b. Medical appendages for instantaneous healing

• Biodegradable nanofibres - delivery platform for haemostatic
• Wound dressings with silk nanofibres in development
• Nanocrystalline silver particles with antimicrobial properties on wound dressings [ Acticoat^TM, UK]

c. Bone targeting nanocarriers

Calcium phosphate-based biomaterial has been developed. This bone biomaterial is an easily flowable, moldable paste that conforms to and interdigitates with host bone. It supports growth of cartilage and bone cells.

6. Nanoneedles

Suture needles incorporating nano-sized stainless steel crystals have been developed.

Trade name: Sandvik Bioline, RK 91^TM needles [AB Sandvik, Sweden].

Nanotweezers are also under development which will make cell-surgery possible in the near future.

7. Bone replacement materials

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles used to treat bone defects are

• Ostim® (Osartis GmbH, Germany) HA
• VITOSSO (Orthovita, Inc, USA) HA +TCP
• NanOSS^TM (Angstrom Medica, USA) HA

How safe are these nanorobots?

The nonpyrogenicnanorobots used in vivo are bulk teflon, carbon powder and monocrystal sapphire. Pyrogenic nanorobots are alumina, silica and trace elements like copper and zinc.

If inherent nanodevice surface pyrogenicity cannot be avoided, the pyrognic pathway is controlled by invivo medical nanorobots.

Nanorobots may release inhibitors, antagonists or dowmegulators for the pyrognic pathway in a targeted fashion to selectively absorb the endogenous pyrogens, chemically modify them, then release them back into the body in a harmless inactivated form.

Challenges faced by nanodentistry

• Precise positioning and assembly of molecular scale part
• Economical nanorobot mass production technique
• Biocompatibility
• Simultaneous coordination of activities of large numbers of independent micron-scale robots.
• Social issues of public acceptance, ethics, regulation and human safety

Problems for research in nanotechnology in India

• Painfully slow strategic decisions
• Sub-optimal funding
• Lack of engagement of private enterprises
• Problem of retention of trained manpower

Future

Nanotechnology is foreseen to change health care in a fundamental way:

• Novel methods for disease diagnosis and prevention
• Therapeutic selection tailored to the patient's profile
• Drug delivery and gene therapy

Conclusion

It sounds like science fiction, but to treat the merest trace of an oral disease, we dentists will ask the patients to rinse with a solution containing millions of microscopic machines called "nanoassemblers". These minute workers, receiving signals from a computer controlled by the dentist, will swami to the areas of patient's mouth and eliminate the disease and bacteria causing the disease.

References

1.	Kaehler T, Nanotechnology: Basic Concepts and Definitions, Clinical Chemistry, 40[9]: 1797­1799,1994.
2.	Gordijn B: Medizinische Utopien. Elite ethische Betrachtung, G6ttingen, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht,169-180,2004.
3.	FeynmanR:There's Plenty ofRoom attheBottom, In: Gilbert HD (Ed.), Miniaturization, New York: Reinhold,282-296,1961.
4.	Drexler KE: Nanosystems. Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing and Computation, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 990-998,1992.
5.	Bachmann G: Innovationsschub aus dem Nanokosmos, Technologieanalyse. Dbsseldorf: VDI-Technologiezentrum,233-245,1998.
6.	Freitas RA Jr: Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities, Georgetown, TX: Landes Bioscience,345-350,1999.
7.	Whitesides GM and Love JC: The Art of Building Small, Scientific American, 285[3]: 33-41, 2001.
8.	Ashley S: Nanobot Construction Crews, Scientific American, 285[3]: 76-77,2001.
9.	Herzog A: Of Genomics, Cyborgs and Nanotechnology: A Look into the Future of Medicine, Connecticut Medicine, 66[1]: 53-54, 2002.
10.	Freitas RA Jr: Nanodentistry, Journal of the American Dental Association, 131(11):1559­1565,2000.
11.	Jhaver HM and Balaji: Nanotechnology: The future of dentistry, 5:15-17, 2005.
12.	Joy B: Why the Future doesn't need us. 804-810, 2000, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.04/ j oy.html
13.	Rudra Pratap: Engaging Private Enterprise in Nanotech Research in India: ICS, Trieste, February, 675-680, 2005.

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Correspondence Address:
R Vijayalakshmi
Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600 095
India

Dental clinics in Chennai, Dr.Smilez Advanced Dental Center, Best dental clinic in Chennai: Chennai dentist worldclass dental clinic in chennai India

Dental clinics in Chennai, Dr.Smilez Advanced Dental Center, Best dental clinic in Chennai: Chennai dentist worldclass dental clinic in chennai India

Getting Teeth Whitened Without the Need for Surgery ...................

Better Smiles: Getting Teeth Whitened Without the Need for Surgery              
 dental  -  Dental
 Friday, 25 November 2011 23:57



There are many ways to improve your set of dentures. Dentists use braces to help fix the disorganized teeth of patients. Other people may choose to have weak teeth remove and get them replaced with artificially made dentures instead. Dentists use porcelain veneers Chicago manufactures to fix broken teeth. However, many people just want to have whither teeth. Having teeth whitened does not require surgical operations. There are many ways to whiten teeth without the need to have surgery.


Buying special whitening toothpastes is a popular method to whiten teeth naturally. These products have chemicals that help whiten the teeth and thoroughly clean it as well. These toothpastes have scrubbers that help in cleaning and whitening the teeth aside from the chemicals. Using these products daily help users get a brighter shade on their teeth. However, they do not work like conventional toothpastes that provide fresh breath after every use.Gels and trays that whiten teeth can be purchased in most stores without the need for prescription. The products of teeth whitening Chicago provide the best results for most customers because it is widely available; many people have also made use of these products. Placed over the teeth and left for a few hours to work, the tray has the teeth absorb the chemicals in the gel. The chemicals in the gels prove to be more effective if used overnight. They can brighten teeth two shades brighter if used properly.

Teeth whitening rinses are slowly gaining patrons in the market today. These whitening products have hydrogen peroxide as its active ingredient. This product helps in whitening teeth gradually and providing them fresh breath. If used properly, users will see gradual whitening in a few weeks. However, gel trays are still more effective than these products.

Professional whitening that does not require intensive surgery is the most effective method of teeth whitening. While whitening products may be available out on the market today, professionals can use the products better with their experience. Professionals know the risk involved in using whitening products, and they can warn their clients beforehand about any known side effects the products may have upon application.

Having white and clean teeth help many people gain greater self-esteem and confidence in doing their daily tasks. Without the use of surgery to whiten teeth, they have saved a lot of money too. Indeed, the dental implants Chicago provides are effective, but alternative methods for teeth whitening benefit anybody in more ways than a surgery can.

Black Tea May Help Fight Oral Disease.........

Black Tea May Help Fight Oral Disease. Drinking black tea may help prevent caries and periodontal disease, said researchers at the American Society for Microbiology.

Chemical components in black tea called polyphenols suppressed the growth of caries-causing bacteria in plaque and reduced acid production levels. The polyphenols also inhibited glucosyltransferase (an enzyme produced by bacteria) and prevented the formation of the matrix material that dental plaque uses to adhere to tooth surfaces. Researchers also found that the size and stickiness of dental plaque were reduced because certain bacteria lost their ability to form aggregates with other bacteria when they were exposed to black tea.

Smoking During Pregnancy Increases Risk Of Cleft Lip And Palate

A study on data by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics found that women who smoke during pregnancy are 50 to 78 percent more likely than non-smokers to give birth to babies with cleft lips and palates.

Cleft lips and palates are the fourth most common congenital birth defect and affect about one in 700 newborns.

Mothers who smoke 10 or fewer cigarettes per day increase the risk of their babies' developing cleft lip or palate by 50%. Those who smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes per day increased the risk by 55%. Mothers who smoked more than one pack per day raised the risk by 78%.

These findings reinforce the importance of educating women to not smoke while they are pregnant.

Blood Lead Levels Associated with Dental Caries Children exposed to environmental lead may be more likely to develop caries than children who are not.

The Journal of the American Medical Association published a study that examined the relationship between blood levels and dental caries in more than 24,000 children.

The study revealed that for every 5 micrograms-per-deciliter increase in blood lead levels the rate of caries increased by 80%.

The study helps explain the disproportionately high rate of caries among inner-city children. The researchers conclude that changing diets may not be enough to prevent dental caries to occur. Improving oral hygiene habits and increasing fluoride exposure of inner-city children may be necessary.

Beautiful Back Teeth

Cosmetic dentistry does not just create beautiful smiles and straight, white front teeth. Cosmetic dentistry applies the most recently developed dental materials and methods to minimize damage to tooth structure and to recreate the properties native teeth. New materials have similar physical properties as your natural teeth. They also have the same optical characteristics. Once they are "bonded" - not just cemented! - with the best bonding agents available, they will be invisible. They will look and feel like real teeth, even in the back of your mouth. They can assume the same function as your natural teeth.

Porcelain Crowns		Composite Fillings
These two molars had extensive decay under the amalgam fillings and had to be restored with crown. We chose Empress crowns.		Both amalgam fillings were replaced with tooth-colored composite fillings.
Composite Fillings
The first molar had a defective amalgam filling that was replaced with a tooth-colored composite filling.

Composite Fillings & Partial Porcelain Crown

The molar and the bicuspid next to it had defective amalgam fillings. The molar was restored with a partial Empress crown. The bicuspid was restored with a  composite filling.

Extreme Makeover Smile

Everyone talks about extreme makeover and smile makeover these days. It involves the entire face, which evidently includes the jaws and the teeth. Extreme makeover is a term that was created to underline the dramatic changes that can be created with plastic surgery and cosmetic dentistry. An extreme makeover should be a holistic approach that considers the functional aspects of all involved structures.

Anatomy of a smile: the pull of a variety of small,
but very responsive facial muscles.

While all changes to the face have a functional impact, even a minor change within the stomatognathic (chewing) system needs to be based entirely on function. Aesthetics cannot be achieved without function. In fact, any aesthetically pleasing object, except those created in the field of art, evolved within a framework of function and interaction. Beauty is harmony. So, let us talk about how that applies to your teeth and jaws.

What is a smile? We cannot discuss its philosophical and spiritual significance at this point. However, it is important for a plastic surgeon or cosmetic dentist to understand the anatomical, functional, and physiological aspects of a smile.

We have a large group of specialized mimical muscles that contract in certain situations and pull the overlying soft tissues into a smile (see above image). Teeth become exposed. The amount of tooth exposed during a smile varies from patient to patient. A young person displays more tooth surface than an older person. This is caused by two things: the progressive sagging of the upper lip and the attrition (shortening) of the upper incisors.

These signs of aging are the main reasons why many middle-aged individuals decide to 'lift' their smile by lengthening their front teeth with porcelain veneers. They often receive six to ten upper porcelain veneers. However, any dimensional change of the front teeth has to consider stomatognathic function.

The front teeth are vital for the protection of the molars. Front teeth are responsible for the disclosure of the back teeth during horizontal movements of the jaws. Muscles shut off when front teeth are stressed by tooth contact. This natural mechanism protects all oral structures.

This image explains the concept of 'envelope of function'
(blue line). The envelope of function is a key element of
smile design. Ignoring it will cause your new smile to be
unstabil and porcelain restorations to break.

Smile design or smile makeover therefore cannot just focus on aesthetic parameters, but must be created within the 'envelope of function' of the front teeth. When you receive a new smile, it is not just 'painted' into your face. It is integrated in complete functional harmony with the surrounding structures of the skull.

Any master in plastic surgery or cosmetic dentistry fully understands the reason for morphology and aging, such as.''Why does the jaw have an angle?'' or,''Why do eyelids become baggy?'' or,''What do we need to do to rejuvenate a smile?''

Any smile makeover of the teeth has to be based on the physiological relationship of upper and lower jaw. There are many heated discussions regarding the finding of the proper jaw relationship (centric relation) among the dental community. The most predictable results have been obtained by techniques developed by Dr. Peter Dawson in St. Petersburg, Florida.

Your new smile will be permanent and beautiful if all functional aspects were considered.

This image underlines the fact that teeth cannot be altered without consideration of
the relationship of the jaws, which meet at the temporo-mandibular joints. The dental contacts determine the position and relationship of the joints upon closure and need to be in harmony with their physiological position.

The following extreme-makeover smile design is the result of a careful consideration of the relationship of upper and lower jaw. The patient was set into her natural centric relationship prior to raising her bite. This allowed us to create the space necessary to rebuild the worn teeth without changing the most physiological position of the mandibular condyle into the temporal fossa of the skull.
The makeover is truly extreme. However, the final result of this full-mouth reconstruction lead to a much healthier condition of all oral and masticatory structures involved.

Before:

After:

COMMON DENTAL EMERGENCIES - AN ILLUSTRATION

Some of the common Dental Emergencies may be as follows;

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Diagnosis	Definition	Presentation	Complications	Treatment
Reversible pulpitis	Pulpal inflammation	Pain with hot, cold, or sweet stimuli	Periapical abscess, cellulitis	Filling
Irreversible pulpitis	Pulpal inflammation	Spontaneous, poorly localized pain	Periapical abscess, cellulitis	RCT, extraction
Abscess	Localized bacterial infection	Localized pain and swelling	Cellulitis	I & D and RCT or extraction
Cellulitis	Diffuse soft tissue bacterial infection	Pain, erythema, and swelling	Regional spread	Antibiotics and RCT or extraction
Pericoronitis	Inflamed gum over partially erupted tooth	Pain, erythema, and swelling	Cellulitis	Irrigation, antibiotics if cellulitis also present
Tooth fracture	Broken tooth	Clinical examination and radiography	Pulpitis and sequelae	Fillings, with or without RCT, extraction
Tooth luxation	Loose tooth	Clinical examination and radiography	Aspiration, pulpitis, and sequelae	Splinting, with or without RCT, extraction
Tooth avulsion	Missing tooth	Clinical examination	Ankylosis, resorption	Reimplantation and splinting

Zoom2 Tooth Whitening

Zoom2 Tooth Whitening

If you're looking for a fast way to dramatically whiten your teeth, Zoom2 Chair side Whitening System may be the answer for you.

In just 45 minutes, this safe and effective system can give you the instant results you've been wanting – an average of eight shades! A specially designed light activates the Zoom! Whitening Gel to gently break down stains on your teeth to put the sparkle back in your smile! Also with the new Zoom2 system, our patients experience up to 67% less sensitivity than with the previous Zoom! system.

Zoom2 Whitening is very safe while under the supervision of a trained dentist, like Dr. Ambert . It is one of the safest procedures in cosmetic dentistry. However, we do not recommend this procedure for pregnant women or children under age 13.

You will be given some post-whitening care instructions after your procedure. It is important to maintain a good oral hygiene regimen post-whitening to preserve your bright, white smile. We also recommend occasional touch-ups with the Zoom! Take-Home Gel. Your smile will always be brighter than it was before the procedure, but by following these simple instructions, you can retain your results for a long time!

Although the Zoom2 System can help almost anyone, it may not be as effective in every case. Dr. Ambert  can determine if tooth whitening is a possible option for your case.

What is Zoom! Tooth Whitening?
Zoom! is a bleaching process that lightens discoloration of enamel and dentin.

What causes tooth discoloration?
There are many causes. The most common include aging and consumption of staining substances such as coffee, tea, colas, tobacco, red wine, etc. During tooth formation, consumption of tetracycline, certain antibiotics or excessive fluoride may also cause tooth discoloration.

Do many people whiten their teeth?
More people than you might imagine. A bright sparkling smile can make a big difference for everyone. The Zoom! Chair side Whitening System makes it easier and faster than ever before.

Is whitening safe?
Yes. Extensive research and clinical studies indicate that whitening under the supervision of a dentist is safe. In fact, many dentists consider whitening the safest cosmetic dental procedure available. As with any tooth whitening product, Zoom! is not recommended for children under 13 years of age and pregnant or lactating women.

How long do the results last?
By following some simple post-whitening care instructions, your teeth will always be lighter than they were before. To keep your teeth looking their best, we recommend flossing, brushing twice daily, regular dental cleanings and occasional touch-ups with Zoom! Take-Home gel. These are professional formula products designed specifically to keep your teeth their brightest. They are available only through your dental professional.


How does the Zoom! in-office system work?
The Zoom! light activated whitening gel's active ingredient is Hydrogen Peroxide. As the Hydrogen Peroxide is broken down, oxygen enters the enamel and dentin, bleaching colored substances while the structure of the tooth is unchanged. The Zoom! light aids in activating the hydrogen peroxide and helps it penetrate the surface of the tooth. A study has shown that use of the Zoom! lamp increases the effectiveness of the Zoom! gel by 33% or more, giving an average improvement of eight shades.

The pola night treatment is a take home do-it-yourself kit to be applied to your teeth in the comfort of your own home.

Steps that we as dentists  and yourself will perform on your teeth:

1.An impression of your teeth is taken by the dentist.

2. A perfectly formed mouthguard tray is made for you to take home with your own kit of pola night.

3. Brush and floss teeth. Take a syringe out of the kit. Remove the cap and insert an application tip by twisting it securely onto the syringe.

4. Place a small drop of gel into every compartment of the tray for the teeth undergoing treatment.

5. Make sure the tray is seated in the mouth.

6. Wipe away excess gel in mouth with finger, tissue or dry soft tooth brush.

Depending on the level of staining on your teeth, and the health of your teeth, we  would have supplied you with Pola Day in either 10%, 16% or 22% carbamide peroxide gel concentrations. This percentage will be marked on the box. Wear the trays in your mouth for the below corresponding times to the percentage of carbamide peroxide in your kit:

 

BEFORE  POLA  NIGHT

AFTER   POLA   NIGHT

10%	16%	22%
6-8 hours overnight	(a) 2 x 40 minutes/day	1 x 40 minutes/day
	or
	(b) 1 x 90 minutes/day

7. After treatment, remove tray. Rinse tray and mouth with lukewarm water to avoid sensitivity.

8. Brush teeth. Repeat the procedure for about 5 - 10 nights/days depending in the level of whiteness you want to achieve.